Who can be an abuser?

An abuser could be a: partner. relative or other family member. person entrusted to act on behalf of the adult in some aspect of their affairs. service or care provider. neighbour. health or social care worker or professional. employer. volunteer or another service user. More items...

nidirect.gov.uk - Recognising adult abuse, exploitation and neglect | nidirect

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Recognising adult abuse, exploitation and neglect

Abuse, exploitation or neglect of adults at risk can happen in different ways. If you suspect someone is at risk of abuse, exploitation or neglect contact the Adult Protection Gateway Service. You can also tell the police.

Identifying an adult at risk

An adult at risk of harm is a person aged 18 or over, whose exposure to harm through abuse, exploitation or neglect may be increased by their personal characteristics or life circumstances.

Their personal characteristics may include:

age

physical or mental disabilities

special educational needs

any illness, mental or physical they may have

Their life circumstances may include:

isolation or loneliness

finances and work

living conditions

Identifying adult abuse

It is abuse when someone misuses their power or control over another person, causing harm or distress. The abuser could be in a close relationship with the adult at risk. They could be someone the adult at risk depends on and trusts.

An abuser could be a:

partner

relative or other family member

person entrusted to act on behalf of the adult in some aspect of their affairs

service or care provider

neighbour

health or social care worker or professional

employer

volunteer or another service user

person or people who have no previous connection to the victim

Physical abuse

Physical abuse is physical force or mistreatment of one person by another which might or might not cause physical injury. This type of abuse includes:

hitting

pushing

rough handling

exposure to heat or cold

force feeding

improper administration of medication

denial of treatment

misuse or illegal use of restraint

not being allowed to go where you wish, when you wish

Signs of physical abuse are:

fractures

bruising

burns

pain

marks

not wanting to be touched

Psychological or emotional abuse

Psychological or emotional abuse is harmful behaviour that can cause mental distress. It can involve both verbal and non-verbal abuse which can scare, humiliate and isolate a person. This may include:

threats

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humiliation or ridicule

provoking fear of violence

shouting, yelling and swearing

blaming

controlling

intimidation

coercion

Signs of psychological or emotional abuse are:

being withdrawn

too eager to do everything they are asked

showing compulsive behaviour

not being able to do things they used to

not being able to concentrate or focus

Financial abuse

Financial abuse happens if someone tries to steal, steals or defrauds you of your money, goods or property. This includes:

exploitation

embezzlement

withholding pension or benefits

exerting pressure around wills, property or inheritance

Signs of financial abuse are:

having unusual difficulty with finances

not having enough money

being too protective of money and things they own

not paying bills

not having normal home comforts

Sexual abuse

Sexual abuse is unwanted sexual activity or sexual behaviour that happens without consent or understanding. Sexual violence and abuse can be physical contact or non-contact sexual activities, such as:

indecent exposure

stalking

grooming

forced to look at or be involved in producing sexually abusive material

forced to watch sexual activities

Possible signs are:

genital itching, soreness or having a sexually transmitted disease

using bad language

not wanting to be touched

behaving in a sexually inappropriate way

changes in appearance

Institutional abuse

Institutional abuse is the mistreatment or neglect of an adult at risk by a regime or individuals. It takes place within settings and services that adults at risk live in or use, including any organisation, in or outside the Health and Social Care sector.

Institutional abuse may occur:

when routines, systems and regimes result in poor standards of care

when poor practice and behaviours are in place

within strict regimes and rigid routines which violate the dignity and human rights of the adults and place them at risk of harm within a culture that denies, restricts or curtails privacy, dignity, choice and independence

Possible signs are:

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the person has no personal clothing or belongings

there is no care plan for them

they are admitted often to hospital

professionals having treated them badly or unsatisfactorily or acting in a way that cause harm to the person

Identifying neglect

Neglect occurs when a person deliberately withholds, or fails to provide, suitable and adequate care and support needed by another adult. It may be through a lack of knowledge or awareness, or through a decision not to act when they know the adult in their care needs help. It may impair the health or well-being of an adult.

Possible signs are:

having pain or discomfort

being very hungry, thirsty or untidy

failing health

Identifying exploitation

Exploitation is the deliberate maltreatment, manipulation or abuse of power and control over another person. It is taking advantage of another person or situation usually, but not always, for personal gain.