What did Blackbeard's flag look like?

Blackbeard's flag is typically described as having a horned skeleton, holding an hourglass in one hand and a spear piercing a heart with three drops of blood, in the other.

qaronline.org - Did You Know Blackbeard's Flag is a Modern Design?

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Author: Jeremy Borrelli, QAR Archaeologist

The most prominent symbol for piracy in popular culture is a black flag decorated with the infamous skull and crossbones. This flag has been used within the mythos of pirates, both real and fictional, for over 300 years. With the expansive mythology surrounding piracy, and particularly Blackbeard, it is worthwhile to look deeper into this iconic flag and its connections to the infamous pirate. Long before the modern age of radio messaging, flags were the primary and most important means of communication and identification between ships at sea. Experienced seamen could typically identify ships of all seafaring nations solely by the colors flying at their mastheads or ensign staffs. In many cultures around the globe, the color black is associated with notions of death. Pirates played upon this idea and adopted the black flag as their personal standard. Red, or “bloody," flags were also used to communicate no quarter to enemies, and were used interchangeably with the black. This not only made pirates instantly recognizable to both their victims and to each other, it also helped instill a sense of fear in all sailors. In addition to the colors of the flags, pirates also used iconography to convey fear. They drew upon Christian religious symbolism, commonly found on gravestone art, and manipulated these meanings to give them new implications in a maritime context. The skeleton or “King of Death” (Grim Reaper), skull motif or “Death’s head,” crossed bones, hourglass, dart, and black color all suggested mortality, the temporary nature of life, and the swift passage of time. Pirates played with these concepts through their symbolism and expected their prey to see this and immediately surrender, or the consequences would be fatal. Blackbeard is perhaps the most well-known pirate of his age, but when it comes to connecting him with his flag, history gets a bit muddled. Blackbeard’s flag is typically described as having a horned skeleton, holding an hourglass in one hand and a spear piercing a heart with three drops of blood, in the other. This imagery, however, has no contemporary links to any accounts of Blackbeard in the historical record. Historian E.T. Fox points out that the first time this flag design appears is in a Mariner’s Mirror article published in 1912, and was only associated with Blackbeard much later. Additionally, the symbols on the popular image do not link with their historical variations. In the 18th century, the horned devil was not typically depicted as a skeleton, and the skeletal “Death” was never shown with horns. Therefore, the figure associated with Blackbeard is an odd combination of the two. Ultimately, a 1718 newspaper description of Blackbeard’s attack on a merchant ship reveals the only known contemporary account of the infamous pirate’s flag, “…a large Ship and Sloop with Black Flags and Deaths Heads in them and three more Sloops with Bloody Flags all bore down upon the said ship Protestant Caesar…the Ship had 40 Guns and 300 Men called the Queen Anne’s Revenge, commanded by Edward Teach…”

-Boston News-Letter, Issue 739, June 16, 1718. Boston: B. Green.

-Cordingly, D. Under the Black Flag: The Romance and Reality of Life Among Pirates. New York: Harcourt Brace and Company. 1995. -Fox, E.T. Jolly Rogers: The True History of Pirate Flags. Middletown: Fox Historical. 2015. -Reddicker, M. Villains of all Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age. Boston: Beacon Press. 2004.

-Blackbeard's flag, made available under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.

-1912 flag imagery, from C.F. ANSWERS. The Mariner's Mirror 2:7, pp. 218-221. Accessed August 31, 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.1912.10654616 {{PD-1923}}

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What color is underground Internet cable?

Pink: Temporary Survey Markings. Red: Electric power lines, cables or conduit, and lighting cables. Yellow: Gas, oil, steam, petroleum, or gaseous materials. Orange: Communication, alarm or signal lines, cables or conduits, and fiber.

callbeforeyoudig.org - APWA Uniform Color Code for Marking Underground Facilities

APWA Uniform Color Code for Marking Underground Facilities

Underground facilities shall be marked in accordance with the following designated color code: White White: Pre-marking of the outer limits of the proposed excavation or marking the centerline and width of proposed lineal installations of buried facilities. Pink Pink: Temporary Survey Markings. Red Red: Electric power lines, cables or conduit, and lighting cables. Yellow Yellow: Gas, oil, steam, petroleum, or gaseous materials. Orange Orange: Communication, alarm or signal lines, cables or conduits, and fiber. Blue Blue: Potable water. Purple Purple: Slurry, irrigation and reclaimed water. Green Green: Sewers, drainage facilities or other drain lines. Pre-marking of the outer limits of the proposed excavation or marking the centerline and width of proposed lineal installations of buried facilities.Temporary Survey Markings.Electric power lines, cables or conduit, and lighting cables.Gas, oil, steam, petroleum, or gaseous materials.Communication, alarm or signal lines, cables or conduits, and fiber.Potable water.Slurry, irrigation and reclaimed water.Sewers, drainage facilities or other drain lines. Permanently Marking Underground Facilities The following recommendations shall be followed when permanently marking underground facilities: Markers must be clearly visible. Marker material shall be durable in nature. (Treated Wood, Metallic, UV Resistant Plastics, etc.) Mark culverts if not readily visible. Mark both ends of all non-visible underground facilities. Identify type of underground facility if not recognizable from the surface. It is also recommended that your state's Call Center number appear on the marker if the marker is of sufficient size. If you have questions regarding the APWA Uniform Color Code, we recommend contacting your state's Utility Notification Center. For contact information, please choose your state above and refer to your state specific phone number.

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