Photo: Andrew Neel

What are the 12 feelings?

c, The 12 distinct varieties of emotional prosody that are preserved across cultures correspond to 12 categories of emotion—Adoration, Amusement, Anger, Awe, Confusion, Contempt, Desire, Disappointment, Distress, Fear, Interest and Sadness.

nature.com - The primacy of categories in the recognition of 12 emotions ... - Nature

What do you say before I love you?

Tell Them How You Feel About Them "You mean more to me every single day." 2. " ... "I really care so much about you." 4. “ ... "I really love how...

Last updated Dec 14, 2021

What is the hardest attachment style to change?

"Disorganized attachment style is said to be the most difficult of the three insecure attachment styles to treat or change," Feuerman says. But...

Last updated May 28, 2022

Promotion

Keltner, D. & Haidt, J. Social functions of emotions at four levels of analysis. Cogn. Emot. 13, 505–521 (1999).

Nesse, R. M. Evolutionary explanations of emotions. Hum. Nat. 1, 261–289 (1990).

Campos, B., Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D., Gonzaga, G. C. & Goetz, J. L. What is shared, what is different? Core relational themes and expressive displays of eight positive emotions. Cogn. Emot. 27, 37–52 (2013). Oveis, C., Spectre, A., Smith, P. K., Liu, M. Y. & Keltner, D. Laughter conveys status. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 65, 109–115 (2016). Gonzaga, G. C., Keltner, D., Londahl, E. A. & Smith, M. D. Love and the commitment problem in romantic relations and friendship. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 81, 247–262 (2001). ten Brinke, L. & Adams, G. S. Saving face? When emotion displays during public apologies mitigate damage to organizational performance. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 130, 1–12 (2015). Cowen, A. S. & Keltner, D. Self-report captures 27 distinct categories of emotion bridged by continuous gradients. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, E7900–E7909 (2017). Schirmer, A. & Adolphs, R. Emotion perception from face, voice, and touch: comparisons and convergence. Trends Cogn. Sci. 21, 216–228 (2017). Singer, T. & Lamm, C. The social neuroscience of empathy. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1156, 81–96 (2009). Frühholz, S., Ceravolo, L. & Grandjean, D. Specific brain networks during explicit and implicit decoding of emotional prosody. Cereb. Cortex 22, 1107–1117 (2012). Bach, D. R. et al. The effect of appraisal level on processing of emotional prosody in meaningless speech. Neuroimage 42, 919–927 (2008). Cordaro, D. T. et al. Universals and cultural variations in 22 emotional expressions across five cultures. Emotion 18, 75–93 (2018). Elfenbein, H. A. & Ambady, N. On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: a meta-analysis. Psychol. Bull. 128, 203–235 (2002). Keltner, D. & Cordaro, D. T. in Emotion Researcher (Scarantino, A. ed.) Available at http://emotionresearcher.com/understanding-multimodal-emotional-expressions-recent-advances-in-basic-emotion-theory/ (2015). Norenzayan, A. & Heine, S. J. Psychological universals: what are they and how can we know? Psychol. Bull. 131, 763–784 (2005). Sauter, D. A., Eisner, F., Ekman, P. & Scott, S. K. Cross-cultural recognition of basic emotions through nonverbal emotional vocalizations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 2408–2412 (2010). Filippi, P. et al. Humans recognize emotional arousal in vocalizations across all classes of terrestrial vertebrates: evidence for acoustic universals. Proc. R. Soc. B 284, 20170990 (2017). Parr, L. A., Waller, B. M. & Vick, S. J. New developments in understanding emotional facial signals in chimpanzees. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 16, 117–122 (2007). Snowdon, C. T. in Handbook of Affective Sciences (eds Davidson, R. J. & Scherer, K. R.) 457-480 (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2002). Filippi, P. Emotional and interactional prosody across animal communication systems: a comparative approach to the emergence of language. Front. Psychol. 7, 1393 (2016). Adolphs, R. Neural systems for recognizing emotion. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12, 169–177 (2002). Russell, J. A. Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expressions? A review of the cross-cultural studies. Psychol. Bull. 115, 102–141 (1994). Cordaro, D. T., Keltner, D., Tshering, S., Wangchuk, D. & Flynn, L. M. The voice conveys emotion in ten globalized cultures and one remote village in Bhutan. Emotion 16, 117–128 (2016). Gendron, M., Roberson, D., van der Vyver, J. M. & Barrett, L. F. Cultural relativity in perceiving emotion from vocalizations. Psychol. Sci. 25, 911–920 (2014). Hertenstein, M. J. & Campos, J. J. The retention effects of an adult’s emotional displays on infant behavior. Child Dev. 75, 595–613 (2004). Juslin, P. N. & Laukka, P. Communication of emotions in vocal expression and music performance: different channels, same code? Psychol. Bull. 129, 770–814 (2003). Keltner, D. et al. in Handbook of Emotions 4th edn (eds Lewis M., Haviland-Jones, J. M. & Barrett, L. F.) 467–482 (Guilford, New York, 2016). Wu, Y., Muentener, P. & Schulz, L. E. One- to four-year-olds connect diverse positive emotional vocalizations to their probable causes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, 11896–11901 (2017). Titze, I. R. & Martin, D. W. Principles of voice production. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104, 1148 (1998). Scherer, K. R. & Bänziger, T. Emotional expression in prosody: a review and an agenda for future research. In Proc. Speech Prosody 2004 359–366 (2004). Mitchell, R. L. C. & Ross, E. D. Attitudinal prosody: what we know and directions for future study. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 37, 471–479 (2013). Hancil, S. The Role of Prosody in Affective Speech (Peter Lang, New York, 2009).

How can you tell a man finds you attractive?

He'll serve you an eyebrow flash. ... His lips part. ... His nostrils flare and his face generally "opens." ... He'll try to attract your...

Last updated Sep 19, 2018

How do I make him smile?

5 Easy (and Free) Ways to Make Men Smile—Guaranteed 1) Touch his arm. ... 2) Send him a random text message in the middle of the day. ... 3) Ask...

Last updated Nov 21, 2022

Promotion

Laukka, P. et al. The expression and recognition of emotions in the voice across five nations: a lens model analysis based on acoustic features. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 111, 686–705 (2016). Nordström, H., Laukka, P., Thingujam, N. S., Schubert, E. & Elfenbein, H. A. Emotion appraisal dimensions inferred from vocal expressions are consistent across cultures: a comparison between Australia and India. R. Soc. Open Sci. 4, 170912 (2017). Paulmann, S. & Uskul, A. K. Cross-cultural emotional prosody recognition: evidence from Chinese and British listeners. Cogn. Emot. 28, 230–244 (2014). Scherer, K. R., Banse, R. & Wallbott, H. G. Emotion inferences from vocal expression correlate across languages and cultures. J. Cross Cult. Psychol. 32, 76–92 (2001). Cowen, A. S. & Keltner, D. Clarifying the conceptualization, dimensionality, and structure of emotion: response to Barrett and colleagues. Trends Cogn. Sci. 22, 274–276 (2018). Laukka, P. et al. Cross-cultural decoding of positive and negative non-linguistic emotion vocalizations. Front. Psychol. 4, 353 (2013). Parr, L. A., Cohen, M. & de Waal, F. Influence of social context on the use of blended and graded facial displays in chimpanzees. Int. J. Primatol. 26, 73–103 (2005). Ekman, P. in The Nature of Emotion (eds Ekman, P. & Davidson, R. J.) 15–19 (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1992). Harris, R. J., Young, A. W. & Andrews, T. J. Morphing between expressions dissociates continuous from categorical representations of facial expression in the human brain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 190, 21164–21169 (2012). Russell, J. A. Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies. Psychol. Bull. 115, 102–141 (1994). Russell, J. A. Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychol. Rev. 110, 145–172 (2003). Smith, C. A. & Ellsworth, P. C. Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 48, 813–838 (1985). Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P. & ter Schure, E. Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 57, 212–228 (1989). Scherer, K. R. The dynamic architecture of emotion: evidence for the component process model. Cogn. Emot. 23, 1307–1351 (2009). Watson, D. & Tellegen, A. Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychol. Bull. 98, 219–235 (1985). Posner, J., Russell, J. A. & Peterson, B. S. The circumplex model of affect: an integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Dev. Psychopathol. 17, 715–734 (2005). Russell, J. A circumplex model of affect. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 39, 1161–1178 (1980). Ang, J., Dhillon, R., Krupski, A., Shriberg, E. & Stolcke, A. Prosody-based automatic detection of annoyance and frustration in human-computer dialog. In Proc. 7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing 2037–2040 (2002). Laukka, P., Neiberg, D., Forsell, M., Karlsson, I. & Elenius, K. Expression of affect in spontaneous speech: acoustic correlates and automatic detection of irritation and resignation. Comput. Speech Lang. 25, 84–104 (2011). Provine, R. R. & Fischer, K. R. Laughing, smiling, and talking: relation to sleeping and social context in humans. Ethology 83, 295–305 (1989). Vidrascu, L. & Devillers, L. Real-life emotion representation and detection in call centers data. In Proc. 3784th Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 739–746 (Springer, 2005). Sauter, D. A. & Fischer, A. H. Can perceivers recognise emotions from spontaneous expressions?. Cogn. Emot. 32, 504–515 (2018). Anikin, A. & Lima, C. F. Perceptual and acoustic differences between authentic and acted nonverbal emotional vocalizations. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 71, 622–641 (2018). Scherer, K. R. Vocal markers of emotion: comparing induction and acting elicitation. Comput. Speech Lang. 27, 40–58 (2013). Juslin, P. N., Laukka, P. & Bänziger, T. The mirror to our soul? Comparisons of spontaneous and posed vocal expression of emotion. J. Nonverbal Behav. 42, 1–40 (2018). Gupta, V., Hanges, P. J. & Dorfman, P. Cultural clusters: methodology and findings. J. World Bus. 37, 11–15 (2002). Jaju, A., Kwak, H. & Zinkhan, G. M. Learning styles of undergraduate business students: cross-cultural comparison between the US, India, and Korea. Mark. Educ. Rev. 12, 49–60 (2002). Barrett, L. F. Are emotions natural kinds? Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 1, 28–58 (2006). Ekman, P. What scientists who study emotion agree about. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 11, 31–34 (2016). Ekman, P. & Cordaro, D. What is meant by calling emotions basic. Emot. Rev. 3, 364–370 (2011). Keltner, D. & Lerner, J. S. in Handbook of Social Psychology 5th edn (eds Fiske, S. T. et al., Wiley Online Library, Hoboken NJ, 2010).

What is the most powerful prayer in the Bible?

The Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9-13): “'Our Father in heaven, Hallowed be your name, Your kingdom come, Your will be done, On earth as it is in...

Last updated Mar 31, 2018

How do you know you don't love someone anymore?

If you consistently find that you dread seeing them, or that you're more at peace when you're both spending time apart, Chlipala says it may be a...

Last updated Apr 29, 2020

Promotion

Lazarus, R. S. Progress on a cognitive–motivational–relational theory of emotion. Am. Psychol. 46, 819–834 (1991). Roseman, I. J. Appraisal determinants of discrete emotions. Cogn. Emot. 5, 161–200 (1991). Etcoff, N. L. & Magee, J. J. Categorical perception of facial expressions. Cognition 44, 227–240 (1992). Harmon-Jones, C., Bastian, B. & Harmon-Jones, E. The discrete emotions questionnaire: a new tool for measuring state self-reported emotions. PLoS ONE 11, e0159915 (2016). Izard, C. E. Four systems for emotion activation: cognitive and noncognitive processes. Psychol. Rev. 100, 68–90 (1993). Johnson-Laird, P. N. & Oatley, K. The language of emotions: an analysis of a semantic field. Cogn. Emot. 3, 81–123 (1989). Shiota, M. N. et al. Beyond happiness: building a science of discrete positive emotions. Am. Psychol. 72, 617–643 (2017). Samson, A. C., Kreibig, S. D., Soderstrom, B., Wade, A. A. & Gross, J. J. Eliciting positive, negative and mixed emotional states: a film library for affective scientists. Cogn. Emot. 30, 827–856 (2016). Gendron, M., Roberson, D., van der Vyver, J. M. & Barrett, L. F. Perceptions of emotion from facial expressions are not culturally universal: evidence from a remote culture. Emotion 14, 251–262 (2014). Laukka, P., Neiberg, D. & Elfenbein, H. A. Evidence for cultural dialects in vocal emotion expression: acoustic classification within and across five nations. Emotion 14, 445–449 (2014). Mehrabian, A. & Russell, J. An Approach to Environmental Psychology (MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 1974). Osgood, C. E. Dimensionality of the semantic space for communication via facial expressions. Scand. J. Psychol. 7, 1–30 (1966). Sauter, D. A. & Scott, S. K. More than one kind of happiness: can we recognize vocal expressions of different positive states? Motiv. Emot. 31, 192–199 (2007). Simon-Thomas, E. R., Keltner, D. J., Sauter, D., Sinicropi-Yao, L. & Abramson, A. The voice conveys specific emotions: evidence from vocal burst displays. Emotion 9, 838–846 (2009). Benjamini, Y. & Yu, B. The shuffle estimator for explainable variance in FMRI experiments. Ann. Appl. Stat. 7, 2007–2033 (2013). Barrett, L. F. Valence is a basic building block of emotional life. J. Res. Pers. 40, 35–55 (2006). Benjamini, Y. & Hochberg, Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. R. Stat. Soc. B 57, 289–300 (1995). Barrett, L. F., Lindquist, K. A. & Gendron, M. Language as context for the perception of emotion. Trends Cogn. Sci. 11, 327–332 (2007). Abdi, H. & Williams, L. J. Partial least squares methods: partial least squares correlation and partial least square regression. Comput. Toxicol. 930, 549–579 (2013). Hardoon, D. R., Szedmak, S. & Shawe-Taylor, J. Canonical correlation analysis: an overview with application to learning methods. Neural Comput. 16, 2639–2664 (2004).

Wilcoxon, F. Individual comparisons by ranking methods. Biom. Bull. 1, 80–83 (1945).

Van Der Maaten, L. & Hinton, G. Visualizing data using t-SNE. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9, 2579–2605 (2008). Scherer, K. R. Vocal affect expression: a review and a model for future research. Psychol. Bull. 99, 143–165 (1986). Ringeval, F. et al. AV+EC 2015: The first affect recognition challenge bridging across audio, video, and physiological data. In Proc. 5th International Workshop on Audio/Visual Emotion Challenge 3–8 (ACM, 2015). Haidt, J. & Keltner, D. Culture and facial expression: open-ended methods find more expressions and a gradient of recognition. Cogn. Emot. 13, 225–266 (1999). Kragel, P. A. & LaBar, K. S. Multivariate neural biomarkers of emotional states are categorically distinct. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 10, 1437–1448 (2015). Kreibig, S. D. Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: a review. Biol. Psychol. 84, 394–421 (2010). Lench, H. C., Flores, S. A. & Bench, S. W. Discrete emotions predict changes in cognition, judgment, experience, behavior, and physiology: a meta-analysis of experimental emotion elicitations. Psychol. Bull. 137, 834–855 (2011). Vytal, K. & Hamann, S. Neuroimaging support for discrete neural correlates of basic emotions: a voxel-based meta-analysis. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 22, 2864–2885 (2010). Wager, T. D. et al. in Handbook of Emotions 3rd edn (eds Lewis, M. et al.) 249–271 (Guilford, New York, 2008). Scherer, K. & Bänziger, T. in Blueprint for Affective Computing: A Sourcebook (eds Scherer, K. R., Banziger, T., & Roesch, E.) 166–176 (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2010).

nature.com - The primacy of categories in the recognition of 12 emotions ... - Nature

How does a man feel when you go silent?

Men respond to silence and distance emotionally. When they don't hear from you for a while, their male instinct pushes them to find you and know...

Last updated Jul 19, 2021

What makes a man crave you?

Just like every woman loves to be desired, men too love the feeling of being wanted or appreciated. Make sure your compliment your man more often...

Last updated Nov 24, 2022

Promotion

How often should I see my boyfriend in a long-distance relationship?

“It's important to see each other as much as possible,” said Patel. “I know depending on the distance it can feel hard, but it's important.” She...

Last updated Mar 18, 2018

Promotion

What are signs of a good friend?

Signs of a good friend is there for you, no matter what. doesn't judge you. doesn't put you down or deliberately hurt your feelings. is kind and...

Last updated Apr 30, 2019