What are 5 types of signals?

Signals are classified into the following categories: Continuous Time and Discrete Time Signals. Deterministic and Non-deterministic Signals. Even and Odd Signals. Periodic and Aperiodic Signals. Energy and Power Signals. Real and Imaginary Signals.

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Signals Classification

Signals are classified into the following categories:

Continuous Time and Discrete Time Signals

Deterministic and Non-deterministic Signals

Even and Odd Signals

Periodic and Aperiodic Signals

Energy and Power Signals

Real and Imaginary Signals

Continuous Time and Discrete Time Signals

A signal is said to be continuous when it is defined for all instants of time. A signal is said to be discrete when it is defined at only discrete instants of time/

Deterministic and Non-deterministic Signals

A signal is said to be deterministic if there is no uncertainty with respect to its value at any instant of time. Or, signals which can be defined exactly by a mathematical formula are known as deterministic signals. A signal is said to be non-deterministic if there is uncertainty with respect to its value at some instant of time. Non-deterministic signals are random in nature hence they are called random signals. Random signals cannot be described by a mathematical equation. They are modelled in probabilistic terms.

Even and Odd Signals

A signal is said to be even when it satisfies the condition x(t) = x(-t)

Example 1: t2, t4… cost etc.

Let x(t) = t2 x(-t) = (-t)2 = t2 = x(t) $ herefore, $ t2 is even function Example 2: As shown in the following diagram, rectangle function x(t) = x(-t) so it is also even function. A signal is said to be odd when it satisfies the condition x(t) = -x(-t)

Example: t, t3 ... And sin t

Let x(t) = sin t x(-t) = sin(-t) = -sin t = -x(t) $ herefore, $ sin t is odd function. Any function (t) can be expressed as the sum of its even function e (t) and odd function o (t). (t ) = e (t ) + 0 (t ) where e (t ) = ½[(t ) +(-t )]

Periodic and Aperiodic Signals

A signal is said to be periodic if it satisfies the condition x(t) = x(t + T) or x(n) = x(n + N).

Where

T = fundamental time period, 1/T = f = fundamental frequency.

The above signal will repeat for every time interval T 0 hence it is periodic with period T 0 .

Energy and Power Signals

A signal is said to be energy signal when it has finite energy.

$$ ext{Energy}, E = int_{-infty}^{infty} x^2,(t)dt$$

A signal is said to be power signal when it has finite power.

$$ ext{Power}, P = lim_{T o infty},{1over2T},int_{-T}^{T},x^2(t)dt$$

NOTE:A signal cannot be both, energy and power simultaneously. Also, a signal may be neither energy nor power signal.

Power of energy signal = 0 Energy of power signal = ∞

Real and Imaginary Signals

A signal is said to be real when it satisfies the condition x(t) = x*(t) A signal is said to be odd when it satisfies the condition x(t) = -x*(t)

Example:

If x(t)= 3 then x*(t)=3*=3 here x(t) is a real signal. If x(t)= 3j then x*(t)=3j* = -3j = -x(t) hence x(t) is a odd signal. Note: For a real signal, imaginary part should be zero. Similarly for an imaginary signal, real part should be zero.

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How do narcissists get over breakups?

Most true narcissists don't need time to heal from a break up as their initial feelings about the relationship were likely insincere or absent. It's not unheard of for a narcissist to have someone already waiting in the wings as a new source of support, or have their exit strategy carefully planned out.

businessinsider.com - Here's what happens when you break up with a narcissist - Business Insider

Breaking up with a narcissist is likely to be a draining experience.

Either they won't let you go without a fight, or they will discard you without looking back.

Both experiences are extremely hurtful.

Narcissists are highly skilled at making you feel as though you were the most important person in the world, only to tear it all away. It's important to remember that however much it hurts right now, you're better off without the toxic person in your life. Top editors give you the stories you want — delivered right to your inbox each weekday. Loading Something is loading. Thanks for signing up! Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. download the app Email address By clicking ‘Sign up’, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider as well as other partner offers and accept our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy It is challenging and exhausting being romantically involved with a narcissist, but they can also cause havoc when they leave. Breakups are always hard, but when you've been in a relationship with someone who uses others and is obsessed with themselves, it can be even harder. On the surface, narcissists can seem charming, engaging and charismatic, which can make them difficult to leave in the first place. Dr Judith Orloff, a clinical psychiatrist at the University of California Los Angeles, wrote in a blog post on Psychology Today that narcissists can make you "fall in love with them so hard that it feels like you're giving up a part of your heart to leave them," because they're very good at becoming the centre of your universe while you're with them.

Here's what to expect if you break up with a narcissist.

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