Infatuation Rules
Photo: Zen Chung
Loyalty is a broader concept than trust. Loyalty can be based on trust, typically long-standing trust, but can also be based on other things. Thus, loyalty to one's country or football team, or to a tyrant, is based on something quite other than trust.
Friendship is categorized into four types: acquaintance, friend, close friend and best friend. Over time, an increase in mutual respect and the...
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The older we get, the fewer friends we have. According to a recent study by experts from Aalto University in Finland and the University of Oxford...
Read More »Loyalty is a broader concept than trust. Loyalty can be based on trust, typically long-standing trust, but can also be based on other things. Thus, loyalty to one’s country or football team, or to a tyrant, is based on something quite other than trust. Certain pets may offer the illusion of trust, but more properly offer loyalty. The word ‘loyal’ is related to the word ‘legal’ and has, or had, feudal connotations, akin to ‘allegiance’ (also related to 'legal') but with more feeling or personal involvement. Still today, loyalty is often to something that is greater than or beyond us. To call someone loyal can be slightly demeaning, whereas to call someone trustworthy is invariably ennobling. So what is trust? Trust may be associated with love; and, especially with romantic love, can be a prerequisite for love. But it is entirely possible to love someone, and even to rely on his love, without also trusting him—as we often do, for example, with children, and as religion teaches us to do. Conversely, we often trust people, such as doctors and judges, who do not love or even sympathize with us. We can rely on someone to be a certain way or do certain things, such as turn up on time, get angry, or lose our keys. But as I argue in my new book, Heaven and Hell: The Psychology of the Emotions, trust is more than mere reliance or reliability—or, as we have seen, mere loyalty. Instead, trust is established when I ask or allow a suitable candidate to take at least some responsibility for something that I value, thereby making myself vulnerable to her, and she agrees to take that responsibility, or, in the circumstances, can reasonably be expected to do so. I trust my doctor with my health because, by virtue of being a doctor, and my doctor, she has taken some responsibility for my health—and, of course, I have asked or allowed her to do so. But even then, my trust in my doctor is not all-embracing: given the kind of person that she is, and the nature of our compact, I can trust her with my health, but not, say, with my housekeeping or my finances. My doctor may well one day decide, for one reason or another, to stop caring for my health, but I would expect her to regretfully make me aware of this fact, and maybe to make transitional arrangements so as to protect the thing that I value and entrusted her with, in this case, my health. If she withdrew herself in this measured and considerate manner, I would feel sad, disappointed, and perhaps annoyed, but I would not feel betrayed or let down, or, at least, not nearly as much as I would otherwise have. The French for trust is confiance, which, like the English ‘confidence', literally means ‘with faith'. Perhaps we cannot trust people not to let us down, other than by a leap of faith similar to belief in God, with the length of the leap determined by such factors as fear, habit, nature, reason, and love. But we can just about trust them—or some of them—not to mislead us, and to let us down lightly.
Love is a learned, emotional reaction. It is a response to a learned group of stimuli and behaviors. Jun 30, 2014
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Tired of feeling like a narcissist is pushing you around? Scaring a narcissist may seem like a tall order if they act so grandiose and confident all the time, but it’s actually quite easy to scare a narcissist. Most narcissists are fairly fragile, and it doesn’t take a lot to spook them into feeling out of control or weak. In this article, we’ll cover every strategy you’d ever need to strike fear in the heart of a narcissist and take your power back. This article is based on an interview with our licensed clinical psychologist, Liana Georgoulis, Psy.D. Check out the full interview here.
Robin Givens married her tennis instructor, Svetozar Marinkovic, on Aug. 22, 1997. But within a day of saying "I do" — seven minutes to be exact,...
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Don't overthink it, just wrap him up. In general, you'll slide both arms between his arms and his torso, connecting them around his back for a...
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